Dino Hacks

Disclaimer: Opinions expressed are solely my own. None of the ideas expressed in this blog post are shared, supported, or endorsed in any manner by my employer. Introduction Python is high-level, dynamically typed, portable and interpreted language which is often used for scripting. Python 2 was discounted with version 2.7.18. Currently, Python 3 is used with version 3.10.5 being the latest.  When Python source code is executed, it is compiled to byte code which are often stored with .pyc extension. In case, it is not able to write to the machine, the byte code is generated in the memory and then discarded after the program exists.  Once the byte code is created, it is executed by Python Virtual Machine (PVM) which is technically a big loop that iterated through byte code instructions and executes it. PVM is runtime engine of python which is present in Python system.  It is important to note that byte code is Python-specific representation and is platform-independent. How...

  Disclaimer:  Opinions expressed are solely my own. N one of the ideas expressed in this blog post are shared, supported, or endorsed in any manner by my employer. In this blog, I will be taking a look at the initial GootLoader sample (MD5: 4dd369b5e028beebe3aa5c980960c502 , Sha256: c1029f0b5f4f6dfbe0fe656f075cbb5ccc2fc308087db21438d73394b75ea020).  Available  here:  https://bazaar.abuse.ch/sample/c1029f0b5f4f6dfbe0fe656f075cbb5ccc2fc308087db21438d73394b75ea020/   The sample is a javascript program which is meant to be executed in windows using wscript.exe.  Opening the sample in a text editor, it appears to look like jquery library 3.6.0 (screenshot below). Comparing the sample with jqeury 3.6.0 downloaded from  https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.js, differences can be observed.  The following lines shows the code inserted to create the sample:  One important thing to mention about javascript: If a variable is declared wit...

Collusion Attack is one of the ways to bypass android permissions and steal user's data. It requires the attacker or a rogue developer to create and install 2 android application in the user's phone. Both these apps can communicate with each other, share data and then sending it to the attacker.  There are 2 ways to communicate between 2 apps: overtly and covertly. An example of overt communication is to use intents to pass data between 2 apps. An example of covert communication is to use files. One app can write to a file in the internal storage and another app can read that file. An sophisticated way of covert communication would be to communicate by scheduling various events and calculating the time difference.  In this post, I am demonstrating the overt way of communications. I have 2 apps: Contact reader app (Phone reader App) and a Calculator App   A pictorial representation of the demo:  Code snippets: So, the contact reader app will have the permission t...